Shakhi-Zinda, Samarkand
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On south-east slope of Afrosiab is situated one of the notable architectural ensemble of Samarkand-Shakhi-Zinda necropolis. It consists of 11 mausoleums, built on to each other during 14-15th centuries in series.
Entrance portal Shakhi-Zinda completing all ensembles is the latest construction. Inscription under entrance says: “ This magnificent building established by Abdulazizhan, Ulugbek-Gurgan’s son, Shahruh’s son, Amir Timur-Guragan’s son, in 883.” (1434 AC)
All ensemble divides into three parts: Entrance chartak (consisting from mosque of hudjra, summer mosque, Davlyat Kushbegi mosque amd mausoleum that had for a long time the name Kazi-Zade Rumi). |
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Middle chartak (consisting of: mausoleums Emir-Zade,
Emir-Husein, Shadi-Mulk, Shirin-Bibi-aka, Octahedron,
Usto Ali, Nameless, Burunduk, Hudjra, Kusama ibn-Abbasa
mosque, Ziarathani and Kusam ibn-Abbas mausoleum.)
Upper chartak (consists of : Tuman-aka mosque, Tuman-aka mausoleum, nameless mausoleum 1360-1361, Hodja Ahmad mausoleum.)
Going magnigient upstairs of Shakhi-Zinda and entering to the cool twilight of narrow corridor, visitor make kind of journey into the heart of time. The farther it is the more ancient buildings are. The first mausoleum from the left was thought as mausoleum of Timur’s friend and teacher astronomer Kazi-Zade Rumi.
But in 60-70th years after opening graves scientits found out that two women were buried here. It is assumed that this was Timur’s wet-nurse and her daughter. Going up by 36 footsteps of old stairs you find yourself
in the open gallery. Here from the left and right
are mausoleums burial-vast of closest relatives of
Timur and confidant of court. |
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First mausoleums from the left and right Emir-Zade
mausoleum and Emit-Husin mausoleum belong to confidant
people of his court.
Next mausoleum from the left belongs to Timur’s
niece Shadi-Mulk aka. She died when she was very young
that is why Timur ordered to build mausoleum of the
most elegant form, to show beauty and youth of his
niece. Timur’s sister Shirin-Bibi aka was managing
the construction of this mausoleum. After finishing
of this construction, she ordered to build mausoleum
for herself against her niece’s mausoleum. Both
these mausoleums were built in 1371-1373 years.
Going a little bit farther we see mausoleum of original
form. This nameless mausoleum was build by architectures
from Azerbaijan. One detail that differentiates this
mausoleum from others is that entrance to crypt where
graves are situated goes to central side street, and
all other mausoleums have entrance behind the mausoleum.
Next row of mausoleums is called nameless becoase
all these mausoleums were built in 11th century and
during Chigiz-Han’s invation almost all of then
were destroyed. Now you can see onle small saved remains
from mausoleums of 1th century. One of the nameless
mausoleums is sometimes called Usto Ali Nesefi y the
name of architect.
Next mausoleum has name of commander-in-chief of Timur’s
army-Emir Burunduk.
Farther goes the most aincient ensemble of all necropolises –ensemble of Kusam ibn-Abbas. This is the oldest
building of 11th century. The name of entire necropolis
is related to the name of Kusam ibn-Abbas. Kusam ibn
Abbas means “alive king”.
In 8th century during one of the sermon Kusam ibn-Abbas
was beheaded, but because he was holy, he said that
a man dieing on the way to God couldn’t be killed.
He took his head put it underarm, and descended to
shaft, where hi is living till now. The mausoleum
was built in 11th century, and cupola was rebuild
in 14th century by order of Amir Temur.
And in the last yard three mausoleums are situated:
unknown mausoleum( from the right), Tuman-aka mosque
(from the left), Hodja Ahmad mausoleum. All these
mausoleums were built in 14th century. By looking
at decoration of two mausoleums nameless and Hodja
Ahmad it is possible to say that they were built by
architectures from Samarkand, main colors used by
them -white, blue, and dark blue- reside to architectural
school of Samarkand. While in Tuman-aka mausoleum
green, yellow, black, and red colors were used. To
the left of mausoleums is situated the entrance to
the biggest Muslim cemetery built in 9th century and
used till present time
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